ADVAITHA

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2009-08-09T05:51:00.000-07:00

Vinyl Trailer Lettering

2009-08-07T13:52:00.000-07:00

Your car or Truck look is most important and we always prefer to make sure they look better by cleaning them or service them.

A banner with Graphics or Letters of your name would make your vehicles more attractive. Vinyl Graphics and Lettering are the best when it comes to low price and high quality.

The are long lasting even better than painted signs and also can be stuck in any surface even in your shop glass or door. You can get custom design lettering.

To know more about Vinyl Trailer Lettering- visit the link

Fairfax Kitchen Designer

2009-08-07T13:41:00.000-07:00

Dream House. To add beauty, Kitchen must be more beautiful and kept clean.

Kitchen is the most important portion of a house because it is where we cook for our living and hence it needs to be beautiful and clean. In short you also need to have a Dream Kitchen.

FairFax Kitchen Designer are the expert when it comes to designing your Kitchen. They have the finest workmen, provide timely service to fulfill complete client satisfaction.

They can also work with architects and interiors designers if needed to win your trust and satisfaction. The Quality of service and also the end result will be high.

To Know more about them visit Fairfax Kitchen Designer

Medical Practice Software

2009-08-07T13:32:00.000-07:00

Medical Industry are being automated and the use of soft wares in medical related industry is increasing day by day.

TheraManager is one such software which has come out to help the growing needs of the automating medical, clinical and financial data.

TheraManager is easy to use software and can finish the tasks with easy entries. You can manage appointments, booking very easily and also view the previous track records.

It has got ERA which will automate the insurance payment details and also got EMR, Electronic Media Record which eliminates the paper charts.

For more information visit Medical Practice Software

Venture Shuffleboard Tables

2009-08-07T13:20:00.000-07:00

People usually get bored often by traveling too much a day and they get bored to go to places where they often go. Now days, people have become tired to go to a bar to play shuffleboard.Buying shuffleboard Tables would be a great idea and Venture Shuffleboard tables are in growing demand now.

Venture Shuffleboard is also of high quality with low price and free shipping. You can also buy them online by selecting your favorite model.

Look at the various models in here

Goofy Foot Surf School

2009-08-07T13:04:00.000-07:00

Schooling are always boring to children and most of the students feel sad or tired if they wanted to go to school. Parents had to do a great job to motivate and send them to school.

Can you imagine that there is a school which is really fun and your child would enjoy there. Goofy Foot Surf School is really a great school and trains your child to surf.

The school is located in Lahaina and the surf spot in that location is very safe and good for beginners to start with. Also Goofy Surf School has been in this teaching for 10 years and has taught 1000 of kids with easy surfing lessons.

The lessons would be taught by well trained and certified instructor. You need to book in well advance. Your child must have completed 9 years to learn surfing.

To know more about this School - Goofy Foot Surf School

Rajalakshmi Engineering Entry from Satellite

2009-08-04T12:15:00.001-07:00

Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai. The College is located in Thandalam exactly near Sriperambadhur. The courses offered are B.E- computer sdience, Information Technology, Biotechnology, Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Bomedical, Electronic and Electrical Engineering , Electronic and Communication, MBA and MCA. The college has got a Great Infrastructure. Excellent Lectures and Bus Facility Available. The college seats are quickly filled during Counseling. Separate Hostel Facility for Boys and Girls. Excellent Canteen and Mess!!! Many of the College students have been placed in various companies!!!

Life at Rajalakshmi Engineering College

2009-08-04T12:08:00.001-07:00

Biotech Job Hunt in Banglore

2008-12-13T16:48:00.000-08:00

Biotech Job status:

Banglore and Hyderbad are too such places where Biotech jobs seem to be available. So, Recently I made a visit to Banglore for a Job Hunt in some Biotech Companies. As for Biotech Industry is concerned, you can’t fit into a Biotech/pharma industry after your completion of B.Tech Biotechnology the reason is because that in India the do only production. The company is not ready to spend huge amount giving to engineering graduates for the labor worked involved in production. So, they recruit B.Sc level graduates as labors or technicians.

Well, you may say that even I am ready for that job and I am not concerned about the low pay. There are Rules in company which would say the HR team that only B.Sc Graduate level are Eligible. So, you now become over-Qualified for the Job.

Same with the case of Pharmaceutical Company. They recruit B.Pharm graduate level but not Engineers because they come under over-qualified and the rules of the company don’t allow the HR team to recruit you.

So, Now that you may ask.

Who will recruit B.Tech Biotech Graduates??

The answer I have experienced is only if you have a network with a company through communications or by some reference. Also, there is no grantee that you get your preferred post.

Study in abroad??

Now that you may know that why many students prefer to study abroad. The reason is simple; much money is spent in research in the foreign countries. So, it’s like they join a course called M.S there which gives them credit to join under different eligible criteria under Research Team.

Well what about M.Tech graduates??

The answer is simple again. M.Tech is a P.G. degree in India. So, now your criteria changes from Graduate labors (where preference goes to B.sc level ) to Supervisor level. The Job may be like to manage the B.Sc level graduates who work. But, ofcourse the criteria they prefer will state M.Tech with 2 years experience.

Why that 2 year experience?

That’s for maintaining the people below you. Now that you are strong in technical level. But you need some experience to maintain your team mates under you. Also, you can get a job as fresher but it’s purely based on your interview performance explaining your leadership skills.

Research Jobs in India?

Yes, the Indian companies also spend some money in research but not much compared to foreign because they are afraid of money loss if the research fails. So, this makes the research jobs complicated in India, you may get a research job if you have high technical skills after your M.Tech or P.hd

Your Options:

Now the options are purely on yours. The world is now globalized. Don’t think of people who say work for India. I will say” Dedicate your work to the world”. If you prefer to India, you can slowly come up and don’t bother about society. Do some other jobs and earn some money to invest your self by stating a company. I can say you can easily succeed because much of the research products are not yet been produced large scale. You can choose to produce one such product and slowly raise the business. Now that you can recruit biotech graduates.

Bioinformatics Project guidelines:

2008-08-04T10:35:00.000-07:00

If you have planned to do a project under bioinformatics stream and you need some guidelines these below lines can be useful to you.

Choose your project topic first and then proceed to follow the below given steps for any sort of project in bioinformatics.

Literature review

This is the most important step must follow. Focus on your topic and try to concentrate more and more around the topic. You will get a number of points which will be very useful while doing your project. For E.g. if you are interested in Gene Silencing try search in Google with Keywords RNAi, SiRNA, and Gene Silencing etc. You will get a number of EBooks to be learned.

Learn and run two existing bioinformatics programs

Now if you have learned some eBooks, some authors of it would have used their methods to solve it. You try to use the tools used by them with your assumed values and learn the tools and its prediction. It may help you in giving new ideas to improve your project.

Implement one method (can be implemented using a computer language, shell scripting, macros in Excel, Maple etc)

This is for if you are in Bio Programming and wanted to implement an algorithm or tool development.

Script out your project plan

Script out the objective of your project, aim of your work, number of days/ month of your project work, and other related things.

Write a ~5 page report

Once you have decided what to do, next divide all the work into parts and try to complete the task one by one. Once you have completed one task prepare a 5 page report of it. This will make easy when you are preparing your final report.

Prepare a 10 minute presentation.

Again this will be very useful when you preparing for your final review and presentation.

Do give your Feed Back below in comments!!!

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Biotechnology for TANCET:

2008-08-03T11:49:00.000-07:00

If you want to do M. Tech Biotechnology then proceed to read below.

TANCET is an examination to secure a degree for Post Graduation. This exam is conducted to study in Tamil Nadu, India for Post Graduation. It stands for TamilNadu Common Entrance Examination. So, if are planning to do what after B. Tech Biotechnology, one option you will come across will be TANCET. In any ways, it not necessary to learn particularly for TANCET since all portions for TANCET Biotechnology is covered in your B. Tech Biotechnology syllabus itself.

You can join any college that opt M. Tech Biotechnology under Anna University and its self Financing College through this test.

So, now directly into TANCET Preparation and its syllabus in below: The duration of the test is 2 hours.

Part-1: Mathematics: 30 Questions

Here the questions will be asked under Determinants and Matrices, Calculus and differential equations, Vector Calculus, Functions of complex variables and complex integration, Laplace and inverse transformations, Numerical Methods, Applied Probability.

Part-2: Basic Engineering Science: 45 Questions

Here the questions will be under Applied Mechanics- Force and Inertia, Material Science- Magnetic and Electrical Conductors, Civil Engineering- Fluid dynamics, Electrical Engineering- A.C, D.C machines, Mechanical Engineering- Thermodynamics, Computers-C programs, Physics-Sound and Laser, Chemistry- Adsorption, Electrochemistry.

Part-3: Biotechnology, Chemical Engineering: 40 Questions

Here the list goes like

Fluid Mechanics and Particle Technology

Chemical Technology and Process Calculations

Thermodynamics and Kinetics

Heat and Mass Transfer

Process control

Organic and surface chemistry

Polymer and corrosion chemistry

Environmental pollution and Control

Bioprocess Engineering

Cell and Molecular Biology

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Genetic Engineering

Immunology

Bioinformatics

Ceramics

Cement and Refractory

The part 2 and 3 have negative mark of .25 and these two parts are just the coverage of what all you studied in full four years of B. Tech Biotechnology.

Do give your Feed Back below in comments!!!
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Choosing Biotechnology

2008-08-02T08:10:00.000-07:00

Why you chooseBiotech?

This is the most frequently asked question from the day you thought of joining biotechnology and I don’t know when they will stop not to ask this. (For sure!!!) Some of the reasons why people have opted biotechnology in the past is emphasized below (hardly 8 batches would have passed out in biotechnology till 2008 date under Anna University Colleges). E.g. In my college Rajalakshmi Engineering College, our batch was the 4th set in Biotechnology. I completed in 2008.

The main Reason where anyone would choose Biotechnology is its a new and emerging field. The Next ultimate reason would be I like Biology. Some other reasons include plan to study abroad. However I had my own reasons which I struggled to explain. My idea is that Biotechnology is a course where you can develop creativity. Our imagination has no bounds in thinking of new ideas in this superb field biotechnology which is very lively to think anything. The creativity results in thinking to clone a man where as on the other side they think of silly robots. (Just compare the liveliness in biotechnology) Stop!! Stop!! Stop!!

Everything is fine, but what about the scope of Biotechnology in India is the next question?

Well, I personally feel that the employment chances are very less after completion of B.Tech Biotechnology in any biotech companies. Even after your post graduation again the chances are very less. Reason is that, biotechnology is a pure research field. Scientists in biotechnology need creativity at their first priority. So, only limited numbers can be employed under this sector for sure; even after any years. Stop!! Stop!! Stop!!

The next thing where all forget is very unfortunate and this is the truth. The Anna University started biotechnology with an aim in Bioprocess Engineering Requirements. But, no student to my knowledge takes interest in this. All think of Genetic Engineering at first priority (even me). The ultimate aim of B.Tech Biotechnology is “Designing of Bioreactor”. So, in near future only Bioprocess alone can give you jobs after B.Tech Biotechnology. (Take my words).

AfterBiotechnology concepts:

Are you clear with your mind now what to do after B. Tech Biotechnology, focus of higher studies in abroad mostly U.S and prepare accordingly GRE and Toffel. If you are not interested in higher studies then focus on Survival of Fittest and find your own jobs mostly IT jobs. Better idea is to do MBA in really good institution in India and go for Biotechnology Marketing where any biotech companies will sure offer you. Last but real biotechnology motive is to focus on bioprocess and struggle to land somewhere in chemical process or Bioprocess Company.

Final words: You would have understood by now that College doesn’t really matter for studying biotechnology.

However, a college with good lab facility can be better.

If you think to join Biotechnology with some good reasons and with great focus do let me know.

Do give your Feed Back below in comments!!!
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Biotechnology

2008-08-01T14:11:00.000-07:00

Slideshow

about

2008-07-29T13:49:00.000-07:00

Advaitha is an Association for Biotechnology. It aims at career in Biotechnology. For those who have taken B.Tech Biotechnology under colleges of Anna University. This Association can be very useful. Also BioMedical is very fast developed more compared to Biotechnology. So, people out there can also find this useful.

Contact

2008-07-29T13:34:00.000-07:00

Contact:
To contact me, please mail me at
sureshrec22[at]yahoo.com
or
Comment in below or in comment box!!!

Conference

2008-07-28T09:58:00.000-07:00

Are u in search of any seminars or conference in this August 2008. Here it is : ADVAITHA presents a National Level Conference in Chennai. This focuses on paper presentations of your project topics in here. The selection of your papers is based on the quality of your work and lies in the hands of judges!!!. So, just give a try in here.

We in Rajalakshmi Engineering College are organizing a two day National
Level Conference on behalf of Department of Biotechnology .This
conference is focused towards the young minds who have intriguing
attitude towards research in biotechnology. Therefore we encourage the
active participation of B.Tech. M.Tech., Ph.D., students and faculty of
your esteem institution. National Level Technical Conference on
the Topic--- "Avenues in Research and Development in Biotechnology"
to be held on 21st- 22nd August, 2008—Regd.

This conference has presentations and lectures
from the various stalwarts of Biotechnology and its allied branches.
Eminent speakers who had expressed their consent for scientific
deliberations are
Prof.G.P.Talwar from Talwar Foundation, New Delhi.
Dr.Pradeep Kumar G from Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology,Thiruvananthapuram.
Dr.Sanjay Nene from National Chemical Laboratory,Pune.
Dr.U.Suryanarayana Murty from Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad.

Apart from them we have many eminent speakers
from Chennai and other prominent Institutes in and around Chennai.
For more details visit

http://www.advaitha.org

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Fantasy in Biotechnology:

2008-07-15T11:53:00.001-07:00

Fantasy in Biotechnology:

Sounds funny!!!! Fantasy is every where. Biotechnology is where you can imagine to any extent. The genes are the wonders of the biotech and even for the world. The intelligent scientist even can’t guess how great the smallest genes can do. We have the genes which are just the transformation from monkeys. The evolution process of course would have taken a long time or even years to get that transformation.

Does the evolution stops right with man. Is there nothing great transformation happened after man? The answer is futuristic!! In future it can happen. Like a monkey transformed to man. Even man can transform to any thing (Un Imaginable). However you can just watch this famous Hollywood movie “SPIDERMAN” where the next evolution of man is portrayed.

Now it’s in your hands to decide whether the movie is fantasy or not?

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SPIDER-MAN (2002)

When bitten by a genetically modified spider, a nerdy, shy and awkward high school student gains spider-like abilities that he eventually must use to fight evil as a superhero after tragedy befalls his family.

On a school field trip, Peter Parker (Maguire) is bitten by a genetically modified spider. He wakes up the next morning with incredible powers. After witnessing the death of his uncle (Robertson), Parkers decides to put his new skills to use in order to rid the city of evil.
At the same time, scientist and businessman Norman Osborn, after exposure to an experimental nerve gas, develops an alternate personality himself: the super-strong, psychotic Green Goblin!

CLIMAX: Peter Parker must now juggle three things in his life: his new job at a local newspaper under a perpetually on-edge employer, his battle against the evil Green Goblin, and his fight to win the affections of beautiful classmate Mary Jane Watson, against none other than his best friend Harry Osborn, son of Norman Osborn! Is this challenge too much for even the Amazing Spider-Man to handle?

Terminology: Mutation, Genetic Modification,

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Immunisation

2008-07-15T11:51:00.000-07:00

Prevention is better than cure. Immunization is one such best means to prevent a disease. This started in the Louis Pasteur Period and till date this technique is vast followed. The best thing about immunization is the causative agent (like virus) is the same used to cure either by attenuating or killed form which is called vaccine.

Imagine a scenario where people die of certain virus infection and the possible means to stop the disease progression is to find a vaccine. It is highly dangerous to take the virus from the infected people since it has all possibilities to infect you. However there are careful precautions which are available now.

You would have heard that once we get recovered from small pox, we develop immunity to small pox. But it just does not stop with that. If you are a biotechnologist, you thinking must be vast to do something great with that.

All I am saying is develop a vaccine with the attenuated virus taken from the recovered person. If you still cant understand. Just read the lines of the story “I AM LEGEND” which sure can tell a lot regarding it?

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I AM LEGEND (2007)

CAST: Will Smith

Years after a plague kills most of humanity and transforms the rest into monsters, the sole survivor in New York City struggles valiantly to find a cure.

It is the year 2012 in the ruins of New York City. After the outbreak of a lethal virus in 2009, in 2012 U.S. Army virologist Lieutenant Colonel Robert Neville (Will Smith) is left as the last healthy human and lone survivor of a biochemical disease which was supposed to cure cancer 3 years previous.

For three years, Neville is trying to discover a cure for this disease and to find out if any other people might have also survived. But most of humanity and transforms the rest into monsters, perhaps mankind’s last.

CLIMAX: Neville is driven by only one remaining mission: to find a way to reverse the effects of the virus using his own immune blood.

Terminology: Virologist, Virus, Immunity, Immunization, Epidemic.

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DNA Reconstruction

2008-07-15T11:49:00.001-07:00

Now its time to think! Is there anything like DNA Reconstruction? The answer is Genetic Engineering which can bring about improved quality genes or alter the genes. There is no history which states about the full DNA reconstruction. However we can call genetic engineering as DNA Reconstruction technique.

The human cloning is banned in most of the world, but is there any possibility to transform the person in life (e.g.: A fat man into thin man using genetic engineering). I found no answer in History regarding it. However certain genetic diseases are cured by genetic engineering in many persons (Gene Therapy). So, I can say that there are certain some possibilities.

To understand better, take a look at the following movie “Nutty Professor”.

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THE NUTTY PROFESSOR (1996)

Grossly overweight Prof. Sherman Klump, desperate to lose weight takes a special chemical that turns him into the slim but obnoxious Buddy Love.

Sherman Klump (Eddie Murphy) is an incredibly fat and good-hearted man. He is a college professor on the verge of a breakthrough in DNA restructuring.

One day he meets a beautiful and charming woman named Carla Purty (Jada Pinkett), and he falls in love with her. He aware to the fact, though, that he is a clumsy fat guy, while she is a young gorgeous lady. This makes him depressed, but just until he finds the solution for his problem.

He then decides to test a formula on which he’s been working on himself. He decides to drink a potion which he invented himself in his lab. The potion makes him look very good, and behave romantically. The new professor is called ‘Buddy Love”. He is a perfect example for romantic complications.

CLIMAX: But is that what Carla really wants?

Terminology: DNA Reconstruction, Trial and Experimentation,

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Mutation

2008-07-15T11:47:00.000-07:00

If you searched for mutation or ploidy and in turn for projects in mutations (funny) then this article can give you an insight regarding these. Mutation in simple terms is a change in the DNA of an organism. How mutation does occur? Mutations occur as copying mistakes when the DNA is replicated or by adverse change in environmental causing the DNA to get mutated. The rate of mutation can be increased by environmental mutagens, such as X-rays, but most mutations are internal errors within the organism, rather than externally caused. In some cases the whole DNA set of an organism may be doubled up (Chromosome Mutations). There are statements in history where new species were created as a result of mutation.

Natural selection acts to eliminate disadvantageous mutations and is therefore continually acting to protect a species from mutational decay. However, disadvantageous mutations arise as fast as natural selection eliminates them and populations are never completely cleared of inferior, mutant forms of genes. These disadvantageous mutations cause genetic diseases, and disadvantageous mutations that are recessive (The Transmission of Genes) cause inbreeding depression (decreased vigor in organisms that result from one or more generations of inbreeding).

At last, in the above statements, have mentioned disadvantageous mutation, in means you can ask is there advantageous mutation? The answer is yes. If you think that by altering certain genes you can bring an improved organism or species. Then it’s good. It is to mention that we can’t accurately tell that altered gene could definitely bring about an improved species. What if it causes adverse effect? This is the major problem which is faced by Biotechnology.

So, it is best to leave this in the hands of nature and not to make a deal with it. However, the best can we biotechnologist can do is to create ways to prevent mutation and try to re-mutate the adverse mutated gene. To best explain you, check out the movie X-Men.

Hey!!!!!!!!!! Biotechnologists are you ready to rock with mutation.

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X-MEN (2000)

Two mutants come to a private academy whose resident superhero team must oppose a powerful mutant terrorist organization.

All over the planet, unusual children are born with an added twist to their genetic code. This “X-factor” allow the children to perform extraordinary feats - flight, telekinetic, laser beams from the eyes and more. A Mutant by name Dr. Charles Xavier gathers the children to a place where he can train them to use their powers for themselves and transforms these children into X-men.

One day, a young girl calling herself “Rougue” runs away from home when she discovers her mutant gift. Then, she met a loner named Logan, then they were attacked by a group of mutants and were discovered by some of Professor X’s students. They found out that the mutants that attacked them were a part of another mutant organization lead by “Magneto”.

CLIMAX: Magneto believes that this dispute between humans and mutants will escalate into an all out war. He has also built a device that will unnaturally mutate humans. Now, Professor X’s students must use their powers to stop Magneto.

Terminology: Mutation, genetic code, ploidy.

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Environmental Pollution

2008-07-15T10:42:00.000-07:00

If we searched for environmental pollution or topics or projects under environmental Biotech, then sure this article can help a little. Environmental Biotech is a vast field and n number of projects is out there.

The environmental pollution can cause any type of adverse effects. A lot of environmental Biotech projects have to be done in order to stop all the catastrophic effects. The Sewage Purification is of older one and many advance projects must be attempted.

The lake pollution is day by day increasing, since because people can’t find any other place other than lake to dump. One such example is Koovam Lake in Chennai. It is good if any one can come out with a project to stop lake pollution. Although like we say, prevention is better than cure. It’s a good process if we educated the people not to dump in lake and in turn a project can suggest in making a disposable place.

In order to best explain the situation, a movie by name: Simpson’s movie can give you a clue of the environmental pollution in a lake. Just read through the below lines to understand how stupid or careless the government takes the action and it’s only in the hands of environmental biotechnologist to stop the effects.

So, Environmental Biotechnologists are you ready for action!!!!!!!!!!!

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An animation movie with a good message about environmental pollution.

Characters:

Homer Simpson – Father; Marge Simpson-Mother; Simpson-Brother; Lisa Simpson-Sister.

Story:
In Springfield, Lisa Simpson convinces the locals to clean up the polluted Lake Springfield after the sinking of the stage of the Green Day in a concert of rock and roll. Meanwhile, Homer saves a pig from being killed in Krusty Burger and adopts it, calling the animal Spider Pig.

Meanwhile, Spider Pig’s waste has filled up a silo in just 2 days, apparently with Homer’s help. Homer can’t get to the dump quickly so dumps the silo in the lake, polluting it. The frog and fish in the lake got mutated and gets transformed into different form.

Russ Cargill, the villainous boss of the EPA, gives Arnold Schwarzenegger (president) 5 options, forcing him to choose 4 (which is, unfortunately, to destroy Springfield) and putting a dome over Springfield to prevent evacuation.

The angry population took revenge on Simpson for dumping pig’s silo into the lake and made the city under dome but the Simpson’s family manages to escape through a sinkhole. The family flees to a better life in Alaska.

CLIMAX: Meanwhile the stupid president Arnold Schwarzenegger is induced by his advisor from EPA to destroy the city. When Marge sees the new in the television, she tells Homer that they must return to Springfield to save their town and friends. Now its Simpson’s turn to prove himself.

Terminology: EPA, Pollution, Mutation, green day

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Establishment of Biotech company

2008-07-14T12:41:00.000-07:00

Here I like to say that this article not only focus on Biotech company establishment but generally can be taken for any company. The previous article was about becoming Entrepreneurship and if you have decided then this can give a brief summary of process to establish a company.

An entrepreneur is one who setup the company and markets his product or his service and makes a competition in the market.

In this I like to say the practical ways of establishing the company like whom to approach, what documentations have to be done, what are the policies available and other such stuffs which are in process in India. So Indian Entrepreneurs can read this and make sure each statement is clearly understood by them.

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Six steps to start a company:

I have provided six steps of how one can go about in starting a company.

1. Know the Nature of Business

2. Prepare the prospectus of your company

3. Business registration

4. Articles of association

5. PAN Number of Company

6. Certificate of incorporation

1. Know the Nature of Business:

The idea is you need to choose one kind of business from the below:

Proprietorship

Partnership

Joint stock company

Co-operative organization

We must note here that each business has its own advantage and disadvantage. For e.g.: In case of Proprietorship, A good business will fetch you with most profit but if its failure you need to face unlimited liabilities.

If you go for partnership you can have a partnership of 2 to 7 members in maximum.

Now coming to Joint Stock; there are two kinds of joint stock companies like Public Ltd and Private Ltd. If you plan to start a public limited you need to show a capital of up to 5lakhs but its not so in case of private.

In case of co-operative organization if persons are interested for mutual benefit and its aims are accomplished through self help and collective effort.

The self help groups were originated in Bangladesh and now the best examples can be seen in Punjab.

Once you have decided what form of Business you were interested then proceed to read the below.

2. Prepare the prospectus of company:

Now its your turn to prepare details or prospects of the company. Here your first step is to select the company name and then prepare the list of members to be employed and share holders. For e.g. in case of private ltd, the limit of share members should be 50 and must not exceed that.

The prospectus should be used as and when approaching a bank or clients. The better the prospectus the better you create an opportunity for your business.

3. Business registration:

You must register your company before you could make progress with it. The company establishment and the area where the company is to be established are examined and the documents must be registered at the register office. The charge of the documents registration will be approximately Rs.30, 000 (rough amount).

4. Articles of association

There are two types of articles to be registered which consist of share rules and policies.

Articles of Association

Memoranda of Association

These articles must be signed to start the business. This step has to be done with the aid of auditors. In case of public ltd company signing Articles of Association alone is necessary.

5. PAN Number of Company:

Once the registration of company has been done you need to apply for company PAN Number This is company Pan Number (don’t confuse with Individual Pan Number) which can be obtained by TIN Specialization Service approved by NSDL. E.g.: Karvy Integrated Enterprises.

6. Certificate of incorporation:

Get the incorporated certificate that you own a company and proceed with the progress of the company. Generally the initial step is the election of managing director. For this all the share holders vote and elect 2 Managing Directors but it can be 3 in case of Public Ltd Company. Then he has to compulsory get DIN Number (Director Index Number) within one week.

Once all these steps have been accomplished, you have now established a company!!!!

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Biotech Entrepreneurship

2008-07-14T12:33:00.000-07:00

This article will help you know who can be entrepreneur or as a check whether you are the correct person to become entrepreneur. Though it’s for Biotech Entrepreneurship, it can be generally called as Characteristic of Entrepreneurs!!!!!

The initial point to be remembered is without entrepreneurship the economy of the country will be still. So, in India if you see biotechnology is yet to show its step and greater advancement can be made possible only if Biotech Entrepreneurs are making their step.

Who can be entrepreneur?

In olden years, people had wrong opinions that only certain persons can be Entrepreneurs like particular cast or community. So, these points below can make sure what is necessary and what not for entrepreneurship.

1. Need not be rich

2. Need not need particular caste

3. Indians are of serious threat about MNC and China.

4. Should enjoys taking risks

5. Must handle situations well

6. Must influence society

7. Understands people’s need

8. Take responsibility

9. Service oriented people (hotels, hospitals)

10. Thinks can provide consultancy

By reading the above points if one feels he can be able to make business, then he have all the chances to become Business Tycoon. So, for Biotechnology in addition he must make sure that he gets all rights and social acceptance. It’s too risky to be an entrepreneur in Biotech.

However I have given examples below so must read that and decide whether you are capable of entrepreneur or not? These below points can give you an Idea about the positive and negative thinking an entrepreneur. Since we have to make quick decisions it help you to develop those thinking skills.

Thomas Edison was an inventor but later on became an entrepreneur.

A service oriented entrepreneur was Dr. Pratap Reddy, the founder of Apollo Hospitals, Chennai.

Shampoo now a day were sold as sachet; the idea to introduce in small quantity shampoo was behind Mr. Ranganathan Calvin Kare

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However not all entrepreneurs have obtained success. A few examples below will give you cause of their failure and teach you to emphasis on those areas.

1. Wrong Idea: The Advertisements are sufficient to make profit

The advertisements are only a media to teach public about the product and not as a tool to make sale. So such product which depends on advertisements will slowly lose its market.

One such Product is Franch Oil

There were a number of ads about Franch Oil which made people to buy it at initial periods of ads. When people started using they found it’s not that effective as given by adds. They totally stopped using it.

2. Wrong naming: The product and company names are important

The company produces one particular type of product and if they want to introduce another type of product then careful decision has to be taken in choice of product or its name.

Ponds Tooth Powder was a Failure

Nirma Bath Soap was a Failure

The reason is Ponds produced Face Powder so the people were not able to accept tooth powder in name of Ponds and like wise for Nirma

3. Wrong vision: The smart vision is needed rather than big vision

If you have big vision it doesn’t mean you are capable of being a great entrepreneur. All you need is the smart vision. The below two examples will tell you more.

Mr. Gopinath of Deccan Airways had a vision of cost effective air travel but the time it took for the flight travel was too late when compared to other airways.

Mr. Karthick Narayanan of Standard Motors had a vision to make Biggest Car but the internal engine was not so powerful to drive the car.

Ultimately the above two visions were failure since it had a big vision but not a smart vision.

Biotechnology cases:

To make a statement: To become great in entrepreneurship it requires a lot of patience.

Mrs. Kiran shaw of Biocon started her company in a very small front with a shed atmosphere. She had a lot of patience to slowly develop the company and now she made a greatest firm in India.

Final Words:

The above article would have made you think whether you are capable of becoming entrepreneur or not. The statements given above are made with reference and not own words. If any faults are there please do mention so that can correct it.

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Basic Biotechnology!!!

2008-07-14T12:02:00.000-07:00

If you are a fresher in biotechnology or interested in learning what is Biotechnology??? Then I think you are in the right place?? This article provides an introduction to Biotechnology and tells you what it’s all about and its applications.

Take a look at the Key Concepts to proceed to know about each topic.

Key Concepts of Biotechnology:

I. INTRODUCTION

II. BIOTECHNOLOGY - CLASSIFICATION

III. MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

IV. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

V. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

VI. INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

VII. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

VIII. MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

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I. INTRODUCTION

In order to be strong in Biotechnology you need to have strong basics in the following subjects like Biochemistry, Microbiology, Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Immunology and Genetics where Biotechnology is just an application part of the above.

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms (microorganisms mostly) to manufacture pharmaceuticals and other products and to promote industrial processes. Microbes, such as bacteria, and fungi were first harnessed in this way, followed by plants (plant biotechnology) and most recently by animals (animal biotechnology). Biotechnology of course is an older technology though it became a familiar term only after 1970. “Old” biotechnology (Traditional biotechnology) includes well-established microbial processes such as brewing, sewage disposal, and the production of antibiotics. However, the term has become particularly familiar since the development of genetic engineering during the 1970s. Much “new” biotechnology uses organisms genetically altered to work more effectively than before, or to function in entirely new ways. Generally it is not good to say Genetic Engineering or Recombinant DNA Technology as Biotechnology. Any application or technology that uses the application of living organisms is Biotechnology.

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II. BIOTECHNOLOGY - CLASSIFICATION:

First classification can be done based on origin of Biotechnology discussed above like Traditional Biotechnology and Modern Biotechnology. Another classification is based on living organisms used like microbes, plant or animal Biotechnology. So the Industrial outcome of the products produced from these organisms bought into a term called Industrial Biotechnology. The oldest examples of what we now call biotechnology are of Industrial oriented like the manufacture of alcoholic beverages beer, wine. Many societies in the distant past discovered that sugary and starchy materials sometimes changed spontaneously, generating alcohol. The phenomenon was gradually brought under conscious control and in the 19th century the French chemist Louis Pasteur showed that fermentation was promoted by microbes. He also found that other micro-organisms, different in appearance, were responsible for processes such as vinegar production.

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III. BIOTECHNOLOGY WITH MICROBES

Now you need to understand that Microbial Biotechnology is just a term which has its varied applications. Generally all technology using Microbes are termed commonly as Microbial Biotechnology; like wise for Plant and Animal Technology.

Fermentation: Today, many other chemicals are made by fermentation (a term technically restricted to processes that occur in the absence of air.

e.g.: Alcohol (Ethanol) production by yeast using bioreactor

Industrial Use: Products include oxalic acid, used in printing and dyeing, propenoic acid (acrylic acid) used as an intermediate in the production of plastics, lactic acid for acidifying foods, and antifreeze.

Environmental application: Microbes also make many different enzymes, which are catalysts that promote chemical changes under much milder conditions than would otherwise be required. Their applications range from the removal of stains (by enzymes, incorporated in detergents that attack fats and proteins).

E.g.: Detergents use lipase and protease as cleansing agent for clothes.

Food Biotechnology: to the conversion of corn flour to high-fructose syrup, used to sweeten soft drinks, biscuits, and cakes. Plant and animal cells can also be cultivated in vast quantities, like microbes, to produce useful substances.

e.g.: In Baking of Breads using Saccromyces cerviceae; lactobacillus – curding of milk

Medical Biotechnology: Another major episode in the emergence of biotechnology was the production of penicillin from the mould Penicillium, initially on a very small scale, by Howard Florey and colleagues in Oxford during World War II. The process was soon scaled up, and other microbes were harnessed to manufacture a wide range of antibiotics (such as streptomycin for the treatment of tuberculosis). Today, biotechnology is facing a major challenge in developing new antibiotics to supplant those to which disease-causing bacteria have become resistant. One current development is the genetic engineering of micro-organisms to synthesize “hybrid antibiotics”, whose molecules differ from those produced naturally.

e.g.: streptomyces griseus --- Streptomycin.

Genetic Engineering: Biotechnologists now “program” bacteria to make many other types of drugs that the organisms could not otherwise produce. Human insulin, for the treatment of diabetes, is manufactured by bacteria into which genetic engineers have introduced the gene coding for that particular hormone. Unlike the types of insulin obtained from pigs and cows, it is identical with insulin secreted by the human pancreas. Human growth hormone (used to treat children who would otherwise reach abnormally short stature) is also made by bacteria carrying the relevant human gene.

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IV. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

Plant biotechnology has the same goal as traditional plant breeding: to develop crops and other plants with advantages such as resistance to pests and drought, and improved palatability and nutrient content. However, more precise and predictable results can now be achieved by modern techniques that allow individual genes to be transferred, in contrast to the large numbers of genes introduced when one plant is crossed with another by conventional methods. Tissue Culture, is a techniques used in Plant Biotech.

Insect Resistant Plants: A typical recent development was the development of maize that was resistant to the European corn borer—a pest that destroys 7 per cent of the world's annual maize crop.

e.g.: The inbuilt resistance was achieved by incorporating into the plant a gene normally carried by the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which “instructs” the maize to produce a chemical toxic to many pests.

Hitherto, farmers have controlled the corn borer by spraying plants with either the bacterium or synthetic chemicals. However, this has been an imperfect solution because there are only a few days in the corn borer's life when spraying is effective.

Virus Resistant: Biotechnology has also yielded plants resistant to certain viruses, fungi, and roundworms, as well as varieties insensitive to the herbicides that farmers use to control weeds.

Genetic Modification: Quality characteristics can be improved too—for example, by increasing the levels of certain proteins that determine the suitability of wheats for making bread. Most recently, oilseed rape has been altered genetically to produce chemicals of potential industrial importance. Other plants could be used in the future to make vaccines more cheaply than by growing cultures of microbes. See also Genetic Modification of Food.

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V. ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

In-Vivo Fertilization: Ease of production is the motive behind the current emergence of biotechnology using animals. Just as microbes and plants can be altered genetically, so new genes may be introduced into fertilized embryos. Thus the human gene for alpha-1 antitrypsin, which is used to treat the chronic lung condition emphysema, has been incorporated into the DNA of sheep in such a way that it programmes the animals to produce the alpha-1 antitrypsin in their milk.

Transgenic Animals: Animal biotechnology has attracted criticism from animal welfare groups, which point out that some experiments have had adverse effects on the animals. However, scientists defending this type of work say that it is essential, from both ethical and safety standpoints, that the animals enjoy good health (indeed better health than most animals in the wild) and have a normal lifespan.

e.g.: The famous sheep Dolly is a Transgenic Animal, developed using somatic cell of the mother cell.

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VI. INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Bioreactors play a major role in Industries. We can say The Ultimate aim of Industrial Biotechnologist is the Design of Bioreactor. All the industrial production like Enzymes, Alcohol, Acids like Citric Acid, Proteins are produced in Bioreactors.

Now you can ask, “What is the difference between Fermenter and Bioreactor?” A vessel using Bio (living substance) and bringing out a reaction is a Bioreactor. We can say our stomach is a bioreactor as it involves reaction between biochemicals. Now a bioreactor capable of bringing out a fermentation reaction (bubbling reaction) is called fermenter.

e.g.: Acetobacter aceti produces vinegar; hollow fiber bioreactor is used for Single cell protein production spirulina n chlorella

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VII. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Bioremediation: A rapidly developing area of biotechnology is “bioremediation”, the use of microbes to break down pollutants in the environment, particularly the soil. In simple terms it is the Bio Degradation of pollution. One approach is based on the fact that contaminated land (such as the derelict site of a former gas works) often contains micro-organisms capable of attacking chemicals that would be toxic to many other types of living cell. Their growth can sometimes be massively increased by introducing nutrients or air into the soil. Another technique is to choose specific microbes for their detoxifying capacity on specific compounds.

Bioleaching: Bacteria are used in many countries to leach metals such as iron, zinc, and uranium out of inaccessible and low-grade ores. A tenth of the copper produced annually in the United States is recovered in this way. “Microbial mining” is increasing in importance as high-grade and easily accessible mineral deposits are depleted.

Biofertilizers: In order to improve the crop production, the Biofertilizers are of great use. The chemical fertilizers are of harmful and create toxic to humans if they consume the yield from those crops. To avoid those drawbacks, the biofertilizers are used now days.

e.g.: rhizobium and clostridium for Nitrogen Fixation.

Vermiculture Biotechnology: It is a branch of Biotechnology involving the employment of earthworms as versatile natural Bio-reactors for cleaning up the environment with cost effective waste management system. (It is to say that a small set up for Vermiculture was made up Mr. Ragunathan, Sr. Lecturer Biotech of Rajalakshmi Engineering College on his own effects in the college making use of canteen waste to provide nutrients to plants.)

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VIII. MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Vaccine Technology: Biotechnology is beginning to revolutionize vaccine production. Formerly limited to weakened or killed versions of the microbes that cause disease (such as the two alternative types of polio vaccine), researchers can now turn totally harmless microbes into vaccines. This means introducing genes, taken from disease-causing micro-organisms that determine the production of particular antigens, which in turn, induce the recipient to make protective antibodies. The technique facilitates immunization against diseases for which fully satisfactory vaccines have not existed hitherto. It also opens up the possibility of engineering vaccines conferring protection against several infections simultaneously. A genetically engineered vaccine is already widely used against the liver infection hepatitis B. Another is helping to reduce the incidence of rabies in foxes in Europe.

Antibiotics: Many important antibiotics are produced by Moulds and Actinomycetes. The first antibiotic was reported by Alexander Flemming in 1929. Pencillin is extracted from penicillium notatum and Pencillin chrysogenum. It inhibits the growth of Gram Positive Bacteria.

Hybridoma Technology: Another technology for the production of Monoclonal Antibodies is used for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

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